Fig. 6

a The percent change in six monochromatic (305, 308, 310, 315, 320 and 325 nm) UV irradiances (light grey solid lines) as a function of latitude between 55°S and 55°N (negative latitude values represent the Southern Hemisphere) arising from the total change in ozone amount between 1979 and 2008. Also shown are the changes in UV irradiance weighted with action spectra for DNA damage (black dashed line), vitamin D production (dark grey solid line), erythema (sunburning, black line with dots and dashes), and plant growth (black solid line) (action spectra quantify the relative strength of a biological response at different wavelengths). b The percent change in erythemal UV irradiance between 1979 and 2008 as a function of latitude due to: ozone changes under clear-sky conditions (grey dashed line, equivalent to the black line with dots and dashes in a); changes in clouds and aerosols (grey solid line); and ozone changes combined with changes in clouds and aerosols (black solid line). Adapted from Figs. 11 and 12 in Herman [16]. Reprinted with permission from John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union