Table 2 Examples of application of genomic approaches to conservation and revegetation of some Australian trees and shrubs

Grey box (Eucalyptus microcarpa)

The University of Melbourne, CSIRO

Part of threatened vegetation community

Landscape genomics, including effects of fragmentation, and gene trait association

1) Identification of adaptive variation can be applied to guide selection of climatically adapted material based on projected changes to niche envelopes

Yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora)

Australian National University, CSIRO, Department of Parks and Wildlife

Part of threatened vegetation community

Landscape genomics and gene trait association

River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)

CSIRO

Not currently threatened, but at risk due to river regulation

Landscape genomics, landscape transcriptomics and gene trait association [203]

2) Monitor standing diversity in selections to maintain adaptive potential

Ironbox (Eucalyptus tricarpa)

Department of Parks and Wildlife, CSIRO, Edith Cowan University, University of Tasmania

Important species in fragmented communities of south-eastern Australia

Landscape genomics and functional trait assessment across climate gradient [202,204]

3) Guide selections with respect to neutral population structure and gene flow

York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba)

Department of Parks and Wildlife, CSIRO, Edith Cowan University, Australian National University

Important species in fragmented communities of south-western WA (SWWA)

Landscape genomics and functional trait assessment across climate gradient

4) Screen existing plantings—locally sourced—to assess their resilience based on the above criteria

Gimlet (Eucalyptus salubris)

Department of Parks and Wildlife, CSIRO, Edith Cowan University, Australian National University

Dominant species in Great Western Woodlands of SWWA

Landscape genomics and functional trait assessment across climate gradient [205]

Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)

Department of Parks and Wildlife, Australian National University, CSIRO

Dominant species in jarrah forest system in SWWA

Landscape genomics and functional trait assessment across climate gradient

Marri (Corymbia calophylla)

Department of Parks and Wildlife, University of Western Sydney

Major co-dominant species in forest and woodlands in SWWA

Landscape genomics and functional trait assessment across climate gradient

Swamp peppermint (Taxandria linearifolia)

Department of Parks and Wildlife, Warren Catchment Council

Patchy distribution in riparian vegetation along river systems in SWWA

Landscape genomics across river catchment and climate gradient

Native willow (Callistachus lanceolata)

Department of Parks and Wildlife, Warren Catchment Council

Patchy distribution in riparian vegetation along river systems in SWWA

Landscape genomics across river catchment and climate gradient

River-bank Astartea (Astartea leptophylla)

Department of Parks and Wildlife, Warren Catchment Council

Patchy distribution in riparian vegetation along river systems in SWWA

Landscape genomics across river catchment and climate gradient

Waratah (Telopea speciosissima)

University of Western Sydney, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney

Patchy distribution along an environmental gradient from coastal area to inland areas

Common garden experiments, landscape genomics across climate gradients [206]