Fig. 8

A schematic diagram of the proposed pathways by which UVR damage at the molecular and cellular level may lead to effects at the organismal level (see the section “Biological effects of UVR on living organisms” for details). UVR effects at the organismal level can ultimate reduce the performance and fitness of an individual (see the section “Effects of UVR on amphibians” for details). UVR defences (shown in light grey) include mechanisms that prevent UVR damage from occurring (first line of defence) and mechanisms that repair UVR damage once it occurs (second line of defence). Cell death is shown in black to indicate that it is both a final line of defence against UVR damage as well as negative consequence of UVR damage